Russia-Ukraine War - Ongoing Conflict and Complex Geopolitical Dynamics
In early 2014, conflict broke out in eastern Ukraine due to Russia's annexation of Crimea. Earlier, protests in Kiev against Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych's decision to reject a deal for greater economic integration with the European Union (EU) were met with violent state action. Protests escalated, resulting in Yanukovych's resignation in February 2014. In March 2014, Russian troops occupied Crimea, citing the safety of Russian citizens and Russian speakers. Crimea was formally annexed after a disputed local referendum. The crisis deepened ethnic divisions, and pro-Russian separatists in Donetsk and Luhansk held referendums on their independence. Armed conflict broke out in eastern Ukraine between Russian-backed forces and the Ukrainian army. Russia denied direct involvement, but Ukraine and NATO both reported Russian troop accumulation and cross-border shelling. The conflict came to a standstill due to regular shelling and skirmishes on the front lines. In Februar...